COLORECTAL CANCER
Irrespective of gender, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. In 2007, over 150,000 new cases and over 50,000 deaths are predicted.
WHO'S AT RISK
Age
The risk first starts to increase at age 40, begins to accelerate rapidly at about age 50/55, and continues to increase rapidly (exponentially) with age from then on.
Family History
Close relatives with colorectal tumors puts one at higher risk for colorectal cancer.
Obesity
Obesity appears to increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Sedentary Lifestyle
A sedentary lifestyle appears to increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Alcohol/Tobacco
Both appear to increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
PREVENTION
NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aspirin, motrin) may have an inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer, but there is currently insufficient evidence in this regard and chronic NSAID use has significant risks.
Hormones
Postmenopausal use of estrogen/progesterone (not just estrogen) reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, but such a program produces other health risks, such as increased risk of breast cancer.
Polyp Removal
Removal of polyps (bumps of tissue on the inner wall of the colon/rectum) by colonoscopy appear to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
Diet
A low fat, high fiber/fruit/vegetable diet may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. The results are currently inconclusive, but suggestive. Certainly, there is no known harm in such a diet, and there may be other health benefits.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D may have an effect on lowering colorectal cancer risk.
EARLY DETECTION
Fecal Occult Blood
Routinely checking a stool sample for microscopic amounts of blood.
Colonoscopy
The colonoscope is a device that allows a physician to inspect the inside of the colon while the patient is under anesthesia. Pre-cancerous tissues can be identified and removed before they ever become a problem. As with any surgical procedure, risks of both anesthesia and surgery are involved.
Genetic Testing
Certain individuals may be genetically predisposed to colorectal cancer. Gene testing may help in decision-making regarding scheduling of early detection.
TREATMENT
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. The location and stage of the cancer will determine whether radiation and chemotherapy should be considered.
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